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Education in Romania is based on a tuition-free, egalitarian system. Access to free education is guaranteed by Article 32 in the Constitution of Romania.〔(Article 32 from the Romanian Constitution )〕 Education is regulated and enforced by the Ministry of Education and Research. Each step has its own form of organization and is subject to different laws and directives. Since the downfall of the communist regime, the Romanian educational system has been through several reforms. Kindergarten is optional under the age of six. At the age of six, children must join the "preparatory school year", which is mandatory in order to enter the first grade. Schooling starts at the age of seven, and is compulsory until the tenth grade (which corresponds with the age of sixteen or seventeen). The school educational cycle ends in the twelfth grade, when students graduate the baccalaureate. Higher education is aligned onto the European Higher Education Area. As of August 2010, there were approximately 4,700 opened schools in Romania.〔(There are 18300 churches in Romania, and just 425 hospitals )〕 As of 2011, over three million students were enrolled in the educational system.〔(Over three million pupils start the new school year on Monday )〕 ==Kindergarten== Children can start as early as three years old and can stay until they are six or seven years old. Kindergarten is optional and typically lasts for 3 or 4 forms - "Small Group" (''Grupa Mică'') for children aged 3–4, "Middle Group" (''Grupa Mijlocie''), for children aged 4–5, "Big Group" (''Grupa Mare'') for children aged 5–6 and "School Preparation Class" (''Pregătire pentru școală'') for children aged 6–7. The preparation class became compulsory, and is a requirement in order to enter primary school.〔(Prep class mandatory from September: see what the children will learn )〕 Services include initiation in foreign languages (typically English, French or German), introduction in computer studies, dancing, swimming etc. All kindergartens will provide at least one meal or one snack, some having their own kitchens and their own cooks, others opting for dedicated catering services. Many kindergartens (especially private venues) will provide children with transportation to and from the kindergarten. Groups typically have 1-2 teachers (''educatori'') and 10-15 children (typically more in state kindergartens). Most kindergartens offer parents three types of programs, in order to better suit the parents' schedules - a short schedule (typically 8 am to 1 pm, with one snack or meal), a medium schedule (typically 8 am to 3 pm, with one snack and one meal) and a long schedule (typically 8 am to 5–6 pm, with three snacks and one meal, and almost always including after lunch sleeping periods). The private sector has a very large role in providing kindergarten and day care services, having a large proportion in the market share for preschool education. Typical tuition fees for private kindergarten range between 400 and 1600 lei monthly, depending on the town/city where the institution is located and on the services offered, whereas for public kindergarten there is no tuition fee (some may, however, charge for meals and/or transportation). The relative number of available places in kindergartens is small, many having waiting lists or requiring admission and formalities to be done at least six months in advance. The lack of available places is especially obvious in state-run kindergartens, that charge no tuition fees, especially given the relatively high tuition fees of private venues. Local councils, especially in larger cities (such as Bucharest or Sibiu), where both parents typically work, seeing an increase in demand, have begun investing in expanding existing kindergartens, building new ones or offering stipends for private kindergartens as to cover part of the tuition fees. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Education in Romania」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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